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Google Scholar Tips

Tips and tricks for using Google Scholar efficiently

Classic Operators

Combine these operators to build an efficient search equation

word1 OR word2
at least one of the words

+word1 +word2
all the words

word1 -word2
word1 but not word2

"phrase"
the exact phrase

~word
the word in an approximate manner

word1*word2
separated by a number of word equivalent to the number of stars
 

number1..number2
number range specification

Advanced Operators

site:site
in one specific site

site:domain
in one specific domain

intitle:word and allintitle:"word1 word2"
one or more specified words contained in the page title (<TITLE> tag)

intext:word and allintext:"word1 word2"
one or more specified words contained in the page HTML body

inurl:word and allinurl:"word1 word2"
one or more specified words contained in the page URL

inanchor:word and allinanchor:"word1 word2"
one or more specified words contained in the page links

Use these operators individually

link:URL
containing a link towards the specified URL

cache:URL
a site no longer online but still in Google’s memory cache

related:URL
similar to the page with the specified URL

Clever Operators

define:word
define:"word1 word2"

definition of the specified word(s)

filetype:type
a specified file type (pdf, ppt, doc…)

source:media
in a specified media indexed
by Google News

movie:word
in a movie

Converters

+ - * / ( )
calculator

currency1 in currency2
currency

unit1 in unit2
unit

time placename
time

See also